Hesse
From EpiMedDat
In Hesse, a total of 32 epidemic events are known so far. It is a French commune of the department Moselle in Germany. The coordinates are 48° 41' 42.00" N, 7° 2' 49.00" E.
Map of Hesse
Table
| Disease | DateStart date of the disease. | SummarySummary of the disease event | OriginalOriginal text | TranslationEnglish translation of the text | ReferenceReference(s) to literature | Reference translationReference(s) to the translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1349-04-05-Frankfurt | 5 April 1349 JL | Outbreak of the Black Death in Frankfurt accompanied by supplicatory processions and the presence of flagellants. | Die palmarum eodem anno et die exaltationis sanctae crucis fuit statio generalis cappis nigris nudis pedibus propter epidemiam habita Francofordiae. Flagellantes etiam fuerunt hic magno numero (Antiquitates) / Die exaltationis sanctae crucis stacio generalis cappis nigris nudis pedibus propter epidimiam habebatur (Acta). | On Palm Sunday of the same year (1349), and on the day of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, a general procession was held in Frankfurt for those affected by the epidemic, with people wearing black cloaks and barefoot. There were also a great number of flagellants present (Antiquitates) / On the day of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, a general procession was held in Frankfurt for those affected by the epidemic, with people wearing black cloaks and barefoot (Acta). | Joannes Latomus 1884, p. 93. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1349-04-12-Frankfurt | 12 April 1349 JL | Outbreak of the Black Death in Frankfurt until early 1350. | Post pascha 1349 tanta pestis fuit Francofordiae quanta numquam audita est antea et innumerabiles homines etiam cicrumquaque absumpti sunt et diem extremum clauserunt. Duravitque pestis illa inguinaria a festo paschae ad hiemem initio anni jubilaei. | After Easter in 1349, there was such a great plague in Frankfurt as had never been heard of before, and countless people perished everywhere, closing their final day. That inguinal plague lasted from Easter to the beginning of the jubilee year in winter. | Collectanea Petri Herp 1884, p. 59. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1349-07-22-Frankfurt | 22 July 1349 JL | Outbreak of the Black Death in Frankfurt with 2000 people dead and a duration of seven months. Jews were burned troughout Germany | Anno 1349 Alemanniae pestilentia est suborta. Judei sunt cremati. Anno eodem [1349] Judei omnes et domus eorum per totam Allemanniam igne combusti. Anno eodem a die Mariae Magdalenae ad diem purificationis (p. 145) Mariae proxime Francoforti pestilentia totius mundi. Intra 72 dies 2000 et ultra hominum obiere. Secunda quacunque hora sine campanis candelis sacerdotibus 35 una die tumulati. | In 1349, a plague broke out in Germany. The Jews were burned. [...]
In the same year, all Jews and their homes were burned throughout Germany. In the same year (1349), on the day of Mary Magdalene up to the day of the Purification of Mary, a plague struck the whole world and near Frankfurt. Within 72 days, 2000 or more people died. Twenty-five priests were buried in a single day, without bells or candles, at any hour. | Acta Francofurtana 1884, pp. 144-145. | Translation by Moritz Uebelhack; None; |
| 1356-00-00-Bad-Hersfeld | 1356 JL | Inscription referring to a Mass grave of the Pestis secunda in Hersfeld. | Anno milleno ter c semel l q(uoque) seno / De tumida peste q(ue) tu(n)c viguit ma(n)ifeste / Ex vi divina cecideru(n)t miliae) trina / Hic svbterrata req(ui)esca(n)t pace beata. | In the year 1356, due to the swelling plague, which was apparently in full force at the time, 3000 died by divine force and were buried here. May they rest in holy peace | DI 91, Hersfeld-Rotenburg, Nr. 34 (Sebastian Scholz und Rüdiger Fuchs), in: www.inschriften.net, urn:nbn:de:0238-di091mz14k0003402 | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1356-00-00-Hesse | 1356 JL | The pestis secunda strikes Hesse and Central Germany, in combination with a bad harvest and dearth of foodstuffs. | Item in disem selben jare irhup sich groß jamer, unde qwam daz zweite groß sterben, also daz di lude an allen enden in Duschen landen stoben mit großen haufen an der selben suchte, als si sturben in dem ersten sterben. Unde war ez nit enqwam in disem jare, dar qwam ez in dem andern jare, unde ging alumb. Auch so galt daz korn unde di fruchte sin gelt, daz ez an manichem lande gar hertlichen unde komerlichen wart sten, unde sunderlichen in Hessen, in Westfalen unde dar umb unde anderswo. Item der win galt groß gelt, mit namen so galt ein qwart wines von Elsaßen zu Limpurg funf engelsen, daz ist war, unde der lantwin unde von Rine einen schilling pennige. | In this same year (1356), great sorrow arose, and there came the second great dying, so that people everywhere in the German lands died in large numbers from the same sickness as they did in the first dying. And if it did not happen in this year, it happened in the next year and continued to roam. Also, the price of grain and other crops rose significantly, causing hardship and trouble in many lands, especially in Hessen, Westphalia, and surrounding areas. Moreover, the price of wine rose greatly, for example, a quarter of wine from Alsace cost five "English" in Limburg, that is true, and the local wine and that from the Rhine cost a shilling pennies. | Limburger Chronik 1883, p. 46. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1356-00-00-Kassel | 1356 JL | No longer extant inscription from inside a parish church in Kassel, referring to the Pestis secunda. | m c sic trinis cum l v i quoque binis / mund per gyrum regnans epidemia totum / grandi de peste pereunt homines tibi certe / pars hominum bina penetrant coelestia regna. | M C so three (times), with L V I also two (times) (1357), / Through the earth's whole circle a pestilence reigning, / Humans perish from great pestilence, to you reliably / A part of men; in twofold they move into heavenly realms. | Presche 2013, pp. 512-513, taken from an Early modern source compilation, "Hessische Congeries", but evaluated and redated most convincingly. | None |
| 1356-08-00-Frankfurt | August 1356 JL | Outbreak of plague in Frankfurt with a precise description of symptoms. | Item anno domini McccLVI circa mensem augustum et sequentibus magna in opido Frankenfordensi pestilencia duravit, ac in lectis modico tempore quandoque vix tribus diebus vel circa decumbentes decesserunt. Glauces circa crura vel brachia sua aut tumorem et dolorem circa capita sua vel alibi in corporibus habentes moriebantur. | In the year of our Lord 1356, around the month of August and the following months, a great pestilence persisted in the town of Frankfurt. Those afflicted would often lie in bed for a short time, sometimes barely three days or around that, before succumbing. They would die with bluish discoloration around their legs or arms, or with swelling and pain in their heads or elsewhere on their bodies. | Annales Francofurtani 1884, p. 3. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1356-08-00-Frankfurt01 | August 1356 JL | Outbreak of the plague in Frankfurt. | Anno 1356 in augusto tanto pestis insaevit Francofordiae quod mirum fuit. In triduo infecti pesti iverunt viam carnis universae. | In the year 1356, in August, such a severe plague raged in Frankfurt that it was astonishing. Within three days of being infected by the plague, they all passed away. | Collectanea Petri Herp 1884, p. 59. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1356-09-21-Frankfurt | 21 September 1356 JL | Outbreak of plague in Frankfurt with a general procession. | Anno 1356 in die sancti Matthaei Francoforti statio generalis propter epidemiam habebatur et 6 5 et 4 calendas octobris in ecclesia sancti Bartholomaei ob pestilentiam missa "recordare" etc., membro quolibet nigra cappa induto candelam caerae manu tenennte, cantabatur. | In the year 1356, on the feast of Saint Matthew, a general assembly was held in Frankfurt due to the epidemic. And on the sixth, fifth, and fourth days before the Kalends of October [September 26th, 27th, and 28th], at the church of Saint Bartholomew, because of the plague, the Mass "Recordare" was celebrated, with each member wearing a black cloak and holding a candle in hand, made of wax. | Collectaneen Schurg 1884, p. 153. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1356-09-26-Frankfurt | 26 September 1356 JL | Outbreak of the plague in Frankfurt accompanied by supplicatory processions. | Et eodem anno [1356] habita est supplicatio publica propter pestem epidemiae Francofordiae, singulis in manu tenentibus candelam (Antiquitates) / Eodem anno [1356] fuit stacio generalis propter epidemiam, et sexto quinto ac quarto calendas octobris cautatum fuit in ecclesia nostra officium "recordare", quolibet sacerdote candelam ardentem manu tenente (Acta). | And in the same year (1356), a public supplication was held due to the epidemic plague in Frankfurt, with everyone holding a candle in their hand (Antiquitates) / In the same year [1356], there was a general assembly due to the epidemic, and on the sixth, fifth, and fourth days before the Kalends of October [September 26th, 27th, and 28th], the office of "recordare" was sung in our church, with each priest holding a burning candle in hand (Acta). | Joannes Latomus 1884, p. 97. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1357-00-00-Central Germany | 1357 JL | A plague along the Rhine, in Hesse, Thuringia and Wetterau. | Eodem anno circa festum ascensionis fuit regina Ungarie et rex Romanus in Maguncia causa peregrinationis cum magna multitudine gentis. Eo quoque tempore fuit divulgatum per (p. 6) totam terram Renensem per litteras auctenticas, quod Antechristus natus esset, et narrabantur infinita signa que fecisset. In nativitate et post eciam dicebatur de multis miraculis de maximo calore qui deberet advenire, et de magnis fluviis et de multis preliis; que Deus avertat! Anno predicto facta est magna pestilentia in multibus partibus Rheni et in Hassia et Thuringia et Wedderabia, et annona preciosa est, quia crevit valde modicum siliginis, sed bonum, et vinum similiter. Eodem anno circa festum Marie Magdalene [Juli 22] eclipsis lune facta est, quia fuit plenilunium, et facta est in quantitate manus, et postea eodem die reintegrata est. | In the same year around Ascension Day, the kings of Hungary and the Roman king stayed in Mainz with a large entourage because of the journey to the East. At the same time, rumours spread throughout the Rhine region through genuine letters that the Antichrist had been born. There was talk of countless signs that he had brought about. At Christmas and afterwards, there was talk of many miracles, of tremendous heat to come, of great masses of water and many wars. God forbid! In the predicted year, a great pestilence occurred in many parts of the Rhine area, as well as in Hesse, Thuringia, and the Wetterau, and grain was scarce because the wheat crop grew very little, albeit good, and similarly with wine. In the same year, a lunar eclipse occurred around Mary Magdalene on 22 July. It was a full moon, the eclipse reached hand-width, but shortly afterwards, on the same day, the moon was full again. | Chronicon Moguntinum 1885, p. 5-6 | Translation by Martin Bauch; None; None; |
| 1365-00-00-Limburg | 1365 JL | The pestis tertia strikes Limburg and Central Germany, mortality is lower than in the previous plague waves, but the local count, Gerlach of Limburg, dies. | Item da man schreip dusent druhondert unde funf unde seszig jar als vur, da was daz große drette sterben. Unde was daz sterben meßlicher dan di ersten sterben, also daz si mit zehen oder zwelf menschen den dag storben in steden als Limpurg unde dem glich sint. Unde starp her Gerlach herre zu Limpurg. | In the year 1365, there was the great third dying. This dying was more moderate than the first two, so that people died at a rate of ten or twelve per day in cities such as Limburg and similar places. And Lord Gerlach, the lord of Limburg, died. | Limburger Chronik 1883, p. 54. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1365-00-00-Limburg01 | 1365 JL | A minor plague strikes Limburg. | Item in eodem anno erat tercia pestilencia et minima. | Also, in the same year (1365), there was a third and relatively minor pestilence. | Limburger Chronik 1883, Limburger Annalen, p. 112. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1365-10-00-Cologne | October 1365 JL | Outbreak of plague in Cologne, in Westphalia and Hesse. | In mense Octobri (1365) et infra vel citra sicut hucusque insanuit pestilencia inguinaria, sed maxime in Colonia, in Westvalia, in Hassia et in multis aliis partibus circumcirca. | In the month of October (1365) and in the months before or after, as the groin pestilence has raged so far, but mainly in Cologne, in Westphalia, in Hesse, and in many other surrounding parts. | Chronicon Moguntinum 1885, p. 14. | Translation by Martin Bauch; None; |
| 1371-00-00-Germany | 1371 JL | Outbreak of plague in Fritzlar, Westphalia and Strasbourg. | Eo tempore in Hassia opido Fritzlar et in Westvalia erat magna pestilencia epidimiarum, in Argentina pestilentia dissenteriarum. | In that time raged the skin plague in the Hessian city Fritzlar and in Westphalia and the plague of entrails in Strasbourg. | Chronicon Moguntinum 1885, p. 28. | Translation by Moritz Uebelhack; None; |
| 1383-00-00-Limburg | 1383 JL | A more modest plague strikes Limburg. | Item in diser zit was daz drette sterben, in der maße als di erste sterben waren; dan daz meßlicher was. | During this time, there was the third dying, occurring at a similar rate to the first dying, albeit somewhat more moderate. | Limburger Chronik 1883, p. 76. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1383-00-00-Limburg01 | 1383 JL | A plague strikes Limburg. | Anno Domini millesimo tricentesimo 80. tercio pestilencia regnavit in Limpurg ita maxime, quod magis quam 1300 homines moriebantur. | In the year of our Lord 1380, the third pestilence reigned in Limburg so greatly that more than 1300 people were dying. | Limburger Chronik 1883, Limburger Annalen, p. 112. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1383-08-00-Germany | August 1383 JL | Outbreak of plague in Swabia, Westphalia, Saxony, Hesse, Thuringia and Limburg. | In Augusto mense (1383) fuit magna pestilencia in partibus Alamanie, Westfalie, Saxonie, Hassie, et ibi maxima, et Thuringie et in Lympurg et aliis multis terrarum partibus, et defuncti sunt plurimi homines. | In the month of August (1383), there was a great plague in the regions of Swabia, Westphalia, Saxony, Hesse, and especially there, and in Thuringia, and in Limburg, and many other parts of the land, and many people died. | Chronicon Moguntinum 1885, p. 52. | Translation by Martin Bauch; None; |
| 1395-00-00-Limburg | 1395 JL | A severe plague strikes Limburg. | Item in den selben jaren da waren große sterben in Duschen landen. Unde der großen pestelencien han ich vir gesehen und irlebet. | In those same year (1395), there were great dyings in the German lands. And I have seen and experienced four of these great pestilences. | Limburger Chronik 1883, p. 90. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1395-07-20-Gelnhausen | 20 July 1395 JL | Many people died in Gelnhausen in the summer of 1395. The dying started on the day of St Margaret (the Virgin, July 20th). | Anno 1395. großes Sterben zu Gelnhusen. In dem jare noch Crists geburte MoCCColxxxv jare in dem sommer zu Sancte Margarethen tage hub ein sterben an, hie czu Gelnhusen, und sturben mer dann XXIc mentschen.. davon wart die stad ser wußte. und die ußern gaßen, die deß males in guden buwen stunden, sint sieder verfalln und zu garthen gemacht. | In the year 1395. Great death in Gelnhausen. In the year after the birth of Christ 1395 in the summer on the day of St Margaret there started a dying here in Gelnhausen and more than 2100 people died. By this the town was devastated and the outer streets, which were in good shape at the time, have expired since then and have been made gardens. | Stadtbuch der Stadt Gelnhausen (1361–1503), HStA Marburg, Bestand S, Nr. 323, fol. 37r. | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1402-00-00-Frankfurt | 1402 JL | Outbreak of plague in Frankfurt accompanied by supplicatory processions. | Anno 1402 fuit generalis processio cleri et populi cum venerabili sacramento propter epidemiam (Acta). | In the year 1402, there was a general procession of clergy and people with the venerable sacrament due to the epidemic (Acta). | Joannes Latomus 1884, p. 100. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1428-05-23-Limburg | 23 May 1428 JL | A plague strikes Limburg. | Anno Domini millesimo quadringentesimo vicesimo octavo fuit magna pestilencia in Limpurg a festo penthecostes usque ad nativitatem Cristi. | In the year of our Lord 1428, there was a great pestilence in Limburg from Pentecost until the Nativity of Christ. | Limburger Chronik 1883, Limburger Annalen, p. 114 | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1460-00-00-Central Germany | 1460 JL | A strong mortality in Franconia, Hesse and Thuringia and along the river Leine. | Ein heftig sterben im land Dorringen, Hessen, Franken und by der Leinen. | A strong mortality in Thuringia, Hesse, Franconia and along the Leine river. | Göttinger Annalen 1994, p. 186. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1467-10-02-Frankfurt | 2 October 1467 JL | Procession because of plague in Frankfurt. | Anno 1467 2 octobris habebatur valde venerabilis processio pro pestilentia. | On October 2, 1467, a very venerable procession was held for the plague. | Rorbach Liber gestorum 1884, p. 216. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1468-09-21-Frankfurt | 21 September 1468 JL | Outbreak of plague in Frankfurt with people fleeing to Gelnhausen. | Anno 1468 umb sanct Mathaei tag ist ein groß sterben alhier gewesen, daß der merer teil geschlechter und burger nacher Gelnhausen geflohn seid. | In the year 1468, on Saint Matthew's Day, there was a great dying here, so much so that the majority of families and citizens fled to Gelnhausen. | Rorbach Liber gestorum 1884, p. 188. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1473-08-09-Frankfurt | July 1473 JL | Procession because of mortality, drought and peace in Frankfurt. | Anno 1473 9 augusti was eine procession vor den schnellen todt, auch vor ein regen wegen durrer hitzigen zit. niemands lebendiges in diesen landen gedacht eine solche ubermesige heise zit, und regnet nicht, also daß die truben an den stöcken fast alle verwelket und verdorben; auch vor einem gemeinen frieden, wann der herzog von Burgund Niemägen und andere stätte gewann. und (p. 219) weret das sterben per menses julium und augustum, und starb viel volks, doch mer männer den frawen. | In the year 1473, on August 9th, there was a procession against sudden death, as well as for rain during a dry and hot period. No one living in these lands remembered such an excessively hot time, with no rain, causing the grapes on the stalks to wither and spoil almost entirely. Also, for a common peace, when the Duke of Burgundy conquered Nijmegen and other places. And there was dying for months, July and August, and many people died, mostly men than women. | Rorbach Liber gestorum 1884, p. 218-219. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1482-00-00-Frankfurt | 1482 JL | Plague in Frankfurt. | Anno 1482 pestilentia epidemica Francofordiam graviter afflixit. | In the year 1482, an epidemic plague severely afflicted Frankfurt. | Rorbach Liber gestorum 1884, p. 223. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1482-08-10-Frankfurt | 10 August 1482 JL | Plague in Frankfurt and 1000 people dead. | Anno eodem (1482) umb Laurentii hubs an zu sterben, werd biß fasten strenglich. Storben uber tausent menschen. | In the same year (1482), mortality started to rise around St. Lawrence's and continued with force until Lent. More than a 1000 people died. | Johann Heise 1884, p. 226. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1482-08-29-Frankfurt | 1482 JL | Plague in Frankfurt and a procession. | Anno 1482 war ein proceßion contra pestem uf decollationis Johannis, darin waren 101 schuler von unser lieben Frawen schul, von der Leonhardsschul 81, von der Pharschulen 126, Barfüsermünch 22, Prediger 35, Carmeliter 30, alle weltliche pfaffen und der ganz rat. | In the year 1482, there was a procession on 29 August, there were 101 pupils of the school of Our Lady, 81 from the St. Leonhard's school, 126 from the parish's school, 22 Franciscan monks, 25 Dominicans, 30 Carmelites and all the secular clergy and the whole city council. | Johann Heise 1884, p. 225. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1496-00-00-Frankfurt | 1496 JL | Outbreak of syphilis in Frankfurt and moral argumentation. | Infirmitas quae mala Francosa dicitur ad Alemanniam pervenit multosque homines utriusque sexus permultum afflixit et hoc propter peccata hominum. Dicebaturque in proverbio: (p. 66) Nuw gewandt nuw schandt / nuw fündt nuw sundt / nuwe schwor und spott / nuw strafplag von gott. | The illness known as the French disease reached Germany and afflicted many people of both sexes greatly, and this was because of the sins of men. It was said in a proverb: New garment, new disgrace / New finds, new sin / New vows and mockery / New punishment by God. | Collectanea Petri Herp 1884, pp. 65-66. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1502-00-00-Frankfurt | 1502 JL | Outbreak of plague in Frankfurt accompanied by supplicatory processions. | Eodem anno (1502) fuit generalis processio cleri et populi cum venerabili sacramento propter epidemiam (Acta). | In this year (1502), there was a general procession of clergy and people with the venerable sacrament due to the epidemic (Acta). | Joannes Latomus 1884, p. 104. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1519-00-00-Frankfurt | June 1519 JL | Outbreak of plague in Frankfurt accompanied by supplicatory processions during the election of Emperor Charles V. on 19 June 1519 | Et occupavit saevissima pestis omnem Germaniam. Servata est in praesentia principum processio publica pro illo malo pellendo, quod per dei gratiam prospere cessit (Antiquitates) / Eodem anno occupavit sevissima pestis omnem Germaniam et Francofordiam quoque, ut publica sit habita processio hic in electione principum, deferente Alberto archiepiscopo Moguntino venerabile sacramentum (Acta). | And the most severe plague ravaged all of Germany. A public procession was held in the presence of the princes to ward off that evil, which by God's grace, successfully ceased (Antiquitates) / In the same year, the most severe plague afflicted all of Germany, including Frankfurt. A public procession was held here during the election of the princes, with Archbishop Albert of Mainz carrying the venerable sacrament (Acta). | Joannes Latomus 1884, p. 111. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
